175-Assalamu alaikum masu sauraro barkammu da warhaka barkammu da sake saduwa a cikin shirimmu na kissoshin rayuwa shiri wanda wanda yake kawo maku kissoshi wadanda suka zo cikin alkur’ani mai girma, ko kuma cikin wasu littafan wadanda suka hada da littafin Dastane Rastan na Aya. Shahid Murtadha Muttahari ko kuma cikin littafin Mathnawa na Maulana Jalaluddin Romi. Ko kuma dai cikin wasu littafan da fatan masu sauraro zasu kasance tare da mu a cikin shirimmu na yau.

///…Madallah, Masu sauraro idan kuna tare da mu a cikin shirimmu da ya gabata, a kuma cikin sirar Imam Al-Hassan Al-mujtaba (a) dan Fatima (s) diyar manzon Allah (s) da muke kawo maku, a cikin shirimmu da ya gabata mun ci gaba da kawo maku abubuwan da Mu’awiya dan Abusufyan ya aikata a lokacinda al-amuran shugabancin al-ummar musulmi suka koma hannunsa.

Daga ciki mun ji yadda ya jagoranci kirkiro hadisan karya wadanda suka jinginawa manzon Allah(s), na falalarsa, da ta iyalan gidansa Banu Umayya. Har’ila yau da kuma munana manzon Allah (s) da iyalan gidan sa (s) tsarkaka. Mun kawo misalai da dama dangane da haka.

Wannan ayyukan da Mu’awiya yayi na kirkiro hadisan karya ya yi tasiri sosai a cikin al-ummar musulmi, kuma ya ci gaba da tasiri har a yanzun da muke magana, banda haka zai ci gaba har zuwa tashin kiyama, kamar yadda wasu hadisan manzon Allah (s) suka tabbatar da hakan.

Sanadiyyar abunda Mu’awiya dan Abusufyan ya aikata a lokacin mulkinsa da kuma sarakuna daga cikin danginsa daga baya suka yi, malamai da sarakuna da suka zo daga baya sun tasirantu da hakan, a tsawon tarihin addinin musulunci. Wanda kuma ya raba kan musulmi zuwa wadanda suke bin wasiyan manzon Allah (s), wadanda aka yi ta basu suna a duk tsawon tarihin musulunci, da farko ana kiransu, Shi’ar Ali(a), ko rafidawa, ko Ithna Ashariyah, ko Jaafariyyawa da sauransu. Da kuma Ahlus Sunnah wal jama’a, su ma sun rarrabu a kan Aliyu dan Abitalib (a), shin shi ma khalifan manzon Allah (s) ne? ko kuma ba haka ba, wato shi ne khalifa na 4 bayan Abubakar da Umar da Uthman, ko gaba day aba khalifan manzon Allah (s) ne ba.

Wannan shi ne ake kira ‘Nazariyyar Tathlith Khulafa’. Wato ra’ayin ukunta Khalifofi, an fara bayyana wannan Ra’ayin tun zamani Mu’awiya dan Abusufyan. Kamar yadda muka bayyana a baya, wasu sahabban manzon Allah (s) a zamanin Mu’awiya sun taimaka masa sun kirkiro hadisai wadanda suke kaskanta Iyalan gidan manzon Allah (s) wanda kuma Aliyu dan Abu Talib (a) shi ne shugabansu.

Ibnu Taimiyya Al-Harrani malamin wahhabiyawa, yana da ra’ayin cewa khalifofin manzon Allah (s) 3 ne, kuma sune Abubakar da Umar da kuma Uthman. Babu wanda ya zama khalifan manzon Allah (s) a bayansu inji shi. Yana kiran Khalifancin Amirulmuminina Aliyu dan Abitalib (a) a matsayin fitina. Sannan yana goyon bayan dangin banu umayya, yana daukar Mu’awiya dan Abu sufyan a matsayin khalifa na 4. Bayan Uthman.

 Amma asasin wannan tunanin, ya samo asali ne daga Abdullahi dan Umar, wanda ya kirkiro hadisi, wanda ke cewa (Mun kasance a zamanin manzon Allah(a) bama daidaita wani daga cikin sahabbai da Abubakar, sannan Umar, sannan Uthmanu, daga nan sai mu bar sahabban manzon Allah (s) bama fifita wani kan wani. ) .

A wani hadisin ya ce (Mun kasance muna bambanta tsakanin mutane a zamanin manzon Allah (s), sai mu zabi Abubakar, sannan Umar dan Khaddab, sannan Uthman dan Affan). Wannan kamar yada ya zo cikin Jami’us Sahih wanda ake kira Sahihul Bukhari JZ 2 Sh na 297, a Katabul Fada’il Utman dan Affan, da kuma SH 289 Katab Fada’il Abubakar.

Muhammad dan Isma’ila Al-Bukhari, wanda bai ruwaito hadisin Ghadir mutawatir ba, bai kuma ruwaito hadisin Hadisin gashassheb tsuntsu ba, wadanda suka bayyana falalar Aliyu dan Abitalib (a) ba, amma ya kawo wannan hadisin Ibnu Umar da muka kawo har a wurare biyu a cikin sihihinsa, kamar yadda kuka ji.

Kafin  Ibn  Taimiyya, Ahmad bin Bambal shugaban mazhabar Hambaliyya, wanda kuma ya assasa akidar wahhabiyawa, ya kawo hadisin Abdullahi dan Umar a cikin daya daga cikin littafansa ya kuma tabbatar da ra’ayin ‘Khalifofi Uku’.  

Ya kawo hadisin dan Umar da bambanci kadan da wanda Buhari ya kawo, inda yake cewa (Mun kasance muna daukar sahabban manzon Allah (s) yana da ransa, muna fifita Abubakar, sannan Umar sannan Uthman, sai muyi shiru.) Wannan kamar yadda ya zo a cikin Musnad na Ahmad bin Hambal JZ 2 SH 14, da kuma musnad na Abdullahi dan Umar.

Don haka mutane, dangane da Khalifancin Amirulmuminina (a) sun rabu kasha 3, wasu suna daukarsa a matsayin Khalifa kuma limami bayan Abubakar da Umar da kuma Uthman. Wasu kuma suna ganin ba wanda ya zama khalifa ko limami bayan kashe Uthman, don bayansa fitina ne. Wannan kamar yadda Ibn Taimiyya ya kawo a cikin minhajus Sunna fi Naqdi kalamuShi’atul Qadariyya Jz 1 Sh na 333.

Sannan an ruwaito Ibn Taimiyya, da waninsa suna cewa : Khalifofi 3 ne, Abubakar da Umar da Uthman. Littafin (منهاج السنة النبویة فی نقض کلام الشیعة القدریة) JZ 3 SH 88.

Har’ila yau wasu musulmi sun yi shiru dangane da kasancewar Ali (a)  khalifa na 4, saboda suna ganin al-umma bata gamu a kan khalifancinsa ba.

Sannan ya ce sarakunan umayyawa a Indulos ba sa daukarsa a matsayin khalifa tunda mutane gaba daya basu gamu a kansa ba. Sannan a cikin khudubobinsu na jumma’a idan sun kawo Abubakar da Umar da Uthman sukan kawo Mu’awiya a matsayin khalifa na 4, basa ambaton Aliyu dan Abitalib (a) kwata-kwata.

 (منهاج السنة النبویة فی نقض کلام الشیعة القدریة).

Sannan kashe na 4 kuma suna ganin a lokacinda Imam Ali(a) ya kai ga kujerar Khalifanci, wasu suna daukarsa a matsayin Khalifa na 4, a yayinda wasu kuma suke daukar Mu’awaiya a matsayin Khalifa na 4, ya ce ai khalifanci yana tabbata ne kan wanda al-umma ta gamu a kansa. Basa ambaton Aliyu dan Abitalib (a) cikin wadanda al-umma ta gamu a kansa.

Don haka ne Ibn Taimiyya ya na daga cikin wadanda suka yi Imani da ‘Khalifofi 3 ne’.

Amma Abdurraman dan Tharwan wanda aka fi saninsa da Abu-Qais Audi, wanda kuma malaman sunna da dama suka bayyana cewa, shi amintacce ne,  ya kasa mutane 3 dangane da khalifancin Amirulmuminina Aliyu dan Abitalib (a). yace akwai masu son addini sune suke son Ali (a). Da kuma masu son duniya suna son Mu’awiya dan Abusufyan, sannan na uku kuma Khawarijawa wadanda basa son su biyu su biyu duka.

Amma Ahmad dan Hambal, shugaban mazhabar hambaliyyah, duk tare da cewa ya kawo hadisin Ibn Umar ya bayyana wani ra’ayin kamar yadda zamu gani.

Yace abinda ya tabbata shi ne, Amirul muminina Aliyu dan Abitalif (a) ya zama khalifa, ya zartar da hukunce-hukuncen Allah ya tara zakka ya rarrabata tsakanin musulmi, sannan sahabban manzon Allah (s) sun amince da khalifancinsa, sun yi sallah a bayansa, sannan sun yaki makiyansa tare da shi, suna kiransa Amirulmuminina, sun yi aikin Hajji tare da shi, don haka muma zamu bi sahabban manzon Allah (s) kamar yadda suka bi shi. Don haka ya yarda da khalifancinsa, kuma shi ne khalifa na 4 a wajensa.

Amma Waziratu bin Muhammad Humsi ya kawo hadisin Abdullahi dan Umar, inda yake tabbatar da cewa shi ba khalifan musulmi bane, sannan ya kara da cewa amincewa da khalifancinsa, aibata Talha da Zubair ne, saboda sun mutu a yakin Jamal suna yakar Aliyu dan Abutalib (a). Humsi ya aibata Ahmad bin Hambal da amincewa da khalifancin Aliyu dan abitalib (a). 

Amma a lokacinda Ahmad dan hambal ya ji abinda Humsi yake fada dangane da amincewarsa da khalifancin Aliyu dan Abitalib (a), sai ya mayar masa da cewa, Khalifa Umar ai, ya fi dansa Abdullahi dan umar, wanda ya ruwaito hadisa yana daidaita Aliyu (a) da sauran sahabban manzon Allah (s), yake kuma Fifita khalifofi uku da suka gabata a kansa.

Yace babansa Khalifa Umar ya na ganin Aliyu dan Abitalib(a) ya cancanci zama khalifa a lokacinda ya sanya shi cikin kwamitin mutane 6, wadanda ya umurcesu, kafin ya mutu, kan su zabi daya daga cikinsu a matsayin wanda zai zama khalifa a bayansa. Abdullahi dan Umar bai fi mahaifinsa sanin Aliyu dan Abitalib (a) ba.

Banda haka sahabbai sun amince da khalifancinsa, suna kiransa Amirul muminina (a) sannan shi kansa ya amince da cewa, shi Amirul muminina ne, ta yaya ni zan musanta hakan?. Inji Ahmad dan Hambal.

Sanna a wani lokaci a zamanin sarki Haruna Rashid daya daga cikin sarakunan Abbasiwa wanda yayi sarauta daga shekara ta 173 – 193, wanda a zamaninsa an yi jayayya a kan wannan al-amarin, na cewa shin Aliyu (a) khalifa na 4 ne ko dai Khalifofi 3 ne kawai.

A lokacin Haruna Rashid bai amince da khalifancin Ali (a) ba, kuma yakan yi barazanar kashe duk wadanda ya amince da khalifancisa. Amma Abu-mu’awiya Durair, daya daga cikin malaman Ahmad bin Hambal a lokacin, ya fadawa sarki Rashid, yana cewa: Ya amiralmuminina! Kabila Taim (kabilar Abubakar) suna cewa Khalifan manzon Allah(s) daga cikimmu ne, sannan kabilar Adiy (kabilar Umar) tana cewa Khalifan manzon Allah (s) daga cikimmu ne, sannan Banu Umayya (kabilar Uthman) suna cewa shugaban Khalifofi daga cikimmu ne, menene rabonku, ku banu Hashim a khalifancin manzon Allah (s),? Na rantse da Allah rabonku shi ne Aliyu dan Abutalib (amma kuka yi watsi da shi). A nan ne sai Sarkin Haruna Rashid ya dawo cikin hayyacinsa, ya kuma fahinci manufar wadanda suke yayata ra’ayin ‘khalifofi uku’, sannan yana cewa:   Duk wanda bai yarda da khalifancin Aliyu dan Abitalib (a) ba, bai amince da shugabancinsa ba, ta sai na kashe shi. Khadibul Bagdadi ya kawo wannan labarin a cikin Tarihinsa, Madinatus-salan JZ na 5 Sh na 224.

Don haka malaman Hambaliyya ko Ahmad bin Hambal ne suka sanya Amurul muminina Aliyu dan Abitalib cikin khalifofin manzon Allah(s) a zamanin sarki Haruna Rashid. Daga nan ne sauran manya manyan ahlussun wadanda suka hada da Muhammad bin Idris Shafi’ii, suka yi watsi da ra’ayin khalifofi uku, haka ma Yahya dan Mu’in, Aliyu dan Jaada, ibn Abdulbarri Qurdubi bamalike, da ibn Hajar Al-Askalani, duk suka yi watsi da hadisin Abdullahi dan Umar, suke kuma dauki hadisin a matsayin wanda ya sabawa ikidar Ahlus Sunna.